ETH Zürich

Assistant Professor of Architecture and Urban Design
Prof. Dr. Alexander Lehnerer
Department of Architecture
HIL G 74
Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5
8093 Zurich, Switzerland

The City as the Critical Project of Architecture

Ever since architecture discovered the city as its domain, there has been a critical and fruitful debate regarding how these two relate to one another. One is clearly always part of the other, is comprised by the other, sometimes contained in the other. At least the city and architecture always condition one another. The city is the one big project of society and therefore naturally challenges architecture as a cultural project. The productive and intellectual impetus of the inconclusive negotiation between the two lies exactly in the confrontation of the individual with the collective, text with context, the political with the planned, and the autonomous with the cultural. These dialectical moments of inquiry outline what the discipline of architecture has described as a third typology, an architectural project that operates between two seemingly contradictory states creating friction that leads to alternative and subversive outcomes.

This search for a third typology has led us to investigate collective form and its physicality as a result of historical and contemporary processes, as well as projective/speculative conception—at a scale larger than a building and smaller than a city. The methodological analysis of collective form includes comparative observations, critical commentary, and the search for strategic tools that can be employed to simultaneously shape and understand our built environment in order to produce specific public qualities as cumulative effects. The results are thematic formats that can be read as critical discursive urban projects, both as research and pedagogy, but never obliged to only one single scale.

In this third typology, between the big and the small, theory and project, sign and object, the speculative reality of architecture develops its truly striking potential.

The individual research projects are conducted within three disciplinary modes of inquiry: the history of architecture, the mediums in which architecture communicates, and architecture’s disciplinary versus cultural concerns. Within this research framework, the chair searches for examples, narratives, rationales, and manifestos of how architecture is both a product of as well as an influential force behind the form and culture of the world’s infinite anthropogenic fabric.

Singapore Tropicana, Queensway Cinema and Bowling

Spring 2013

Project by Stefan Landoy

Preceding Outlaw: Queensway Cinema and Bowling

Queensway Cinema and Bowling was opened in 1976. It was situated in the heart of the Queenstown Estate and contained two cinemas, eighteen bowling lanes, as well as the Palace Cafe and KFC. The architect Chee Soon Wah was inspired by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. The similarities can be seen in the overall geometry of the building and the facade material that initially consisted of exposed brick. At a later stage the facade was painted in light pastel colours that changed the overall expression. The buildings interior consist of a set of large interior spaces separated by smaller rooms. These rooms can be seen in the external geometry of the building. smaller geometric features are added on to the big volumes. In the end of the 1990s the building was abandoned and it has not been in use for the last twenty years. Queensway Cinema and Bowling was finally demolished in summer 2013.

Preceding Outlaw: Queensway Cinema and Bowling (demolished)

Speculative model

ETH Zürich

The City as the Critical Project of Architecture

Selected student projects

Singapore Tropicana, Queensway Cinema and Bowling